Kwanduza Umuco w'Akagari Byaragabanutse neza

Kwanduza imico y'utugari birashobora kuba byoroshye ikibazo gikunze kugaragara muri laboratoire z'umuco w'akagari, rimwe na rimwe bigatera ingaruka zikomeye cyane.Umuco wanduye urashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri, ibyanduza imiti nkibiciriritse, serumu n’amazi yanduye, endotoxine, plasitike nudukoko, hamwe n’ibihumanya biologiya nka bagiteri, ibumba, imisemburo, virusi, kwandura mycoplasmas.Yandujwe n'indi mirongo y'utugari.Nubwo bidashoboka gukuraho burundu umwanda, inshuro nuburemere bwacyo birashobora kugabanuka nukumva neza inkomoko yabyo no gukurikiza tekinike nziza ya aseptic

1.Iki gice cyerekana ubwoko bwingenzi bwanduye bwibinyabuzima:
Kwandura kwa bagiteri
Indwara ya virusi na virusi
Mycoplasma kwanduza
Umwanda

1.1 Indwara ya bagiteri
Indwara ya bagiteri ni itsinda rinini rya mikorobe imwe igaragara hose.Mubisanzwe ni microne nkeya ya diametre kandi irashobora kuza muburyo butandukanye, kuva mubice kugeza ku nkoni no kuzunguruka.Kubera ubwinshi bwabyo, ubunini, nubwiyongere bwihuse, bagiteri, hamwe numusemburo hamwe nudusimba, nibyo byanduza cyane ibinyabuzima mumico y'utugari.

1.1.1 Kumenya kwanduza bagiteri
Kwandura kwa bagiteri kugaragara byoroshye mugusuzuma amashusho yumuco muminsi mike imaze kwandura;
Imico yanduye mubisanzwe igaragara nkigicu (ni ukuvuga, turidid), rimwe na rimwe hamwe na firime yoroheje hejuru.
Ibitonyanga bitunguranye muri pH yumuco wumuco nabyo bikunze kugaragara.
Munsi ya microscope ifite imbaraga nkeya, bagiteri igaragara nkutuntu duto, twimuka hagati ya selile, kandi kwitegereza munsi ya microscope ifite imbaraga nyinshi birashobora gukemura imiterere ya bagiteri.

1.2Indwara & virusi
1.2.1
Ibishushanyo ni mikorobe ya eukaryotic yubwami bwa fungal ikura muburyo bwa filaments nyinshi yitwa hyphae.Imiyoboro ihuza izi filimile nyinshi zirimo nuclei genetique isa na koloni cyangwa mycelium.

Kimwe no kwanduza umusemburo, pH yumuco ikomeza guhagarara neza mugice cyambere cyo kwanduza hanyuma ikiyongera vuba kuko umuco wanduye cyane ugahinduka ibicu.Munsi ya microscope, mycelium mubusanzwe iba iteye ubwoba, rimwe na rimwe nkibice byinshi bya spore.Spore yibibumbano byinshi irashobora kubaho mubihe bikaze kandi bidashobora guturwa mugihe cyibitotsi kandi bigakorwa mugihe habaye imikurire ikwiye.

1.2.2 Kwanduza virusi
Virusi ni mikorosikopi yanduza ifata imashini yakira kugirango yororoke.Ingano ntoya cyane ituma bigora kumenya mumico no kuvana muri reagent zikoreshwa muri laboratoire yumuco.Kubera ko virusi nyinshi zifite ibyo zisabwa cyane kubakiriye, mubisanzwe ntabwo bigira ingaruka mbi kumico yimiterere yubwoko butandukanye nuwakiriye.
Nyamara, gukoresha imico ya selile yanduye virusi birashobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwabakozi ba laboratoire, cyane cyane iyo ingirabuzimafatizo zabantu cyangwa izikomoka muri laboratoire.

Indwara ya virusi mu mico y'utugingo irashobora gutahurwa na microscopi ya electron, ikingira indwara hamwe na antibodies, ELISA, cyangwa PCR hamwe na virusi ikwiye.

1.3Mycoplasma yanduye
Mycoplasmas ni bagiteri yoroshye idafite inkuta za selile, kandi batekereza ko aribinyabuzima bito byigana.Bitewe nubunini bwazo cyane (mubisanzwe munsi ya micron 1), mycoplasma iragoye kuyimenya kugeza igeze mubucucike bukabije kandi bigatuma imico ya selile yangirika;Kugeza icyo gihe, mubusanzwe nta kimenyetso kigaragara cyanduye.

1.3.1 Kumenya mycoplasma yanduye
Mycoplasma ikura buhoro buhoro irashobora kuguma mumico idateza urupfu, ariko ihindura imyitwarire na metabolism ya selile yakira mumico.

Indwara ya mycoplasma idakira irashobora kurangwa no kugabanuka kw'ikwirakwizwa ry'utugingo ngengabuzima, kugabanuka kwuzuye no kugwiza mu muco wo guhagarika.
Nyamara, inzira yonyine yizewe yo kumenya mycoplasma yanduye nukugerageza umuco buri gihe ukoresheje irangi rya fluorescent (urugero, Hoechst 33258), ELISA, PCR, immunostaining, autoradiography, cyangwa kwipimisha mikorobe.

1.4Ubwandure
Umusemburo ni selile imwe ya eukaryote yubwami bwa fungal, ifite ubunini kuva kuri microne nkeya (mubisanzwe) kugeza kuri microne 40 (gake).

1.4.1 Kumenya umwanda
Kimwe na bagiteri yanduye, imico yandujwe numusemburo irashobora guhinduka ibicu, cyane cyane iyo umwanda uri murwego rwo hejuru.PH yimico yandujwe numusemburo ihinduka bike cyane kugeza igihe umwanda ukabije, murwego pH yiyongera.Munsi ya microscope, umusemburo ugaragara nka ovoid cyangwa uduce duto kandi dushobora kubyara uduce duto.

2. Kwandura kwanduye
Nubwo bitamenyerewe nka mikorobe yanduye, kwanduzanya kwinshi kumirongo myinshi ya selile hamwe na HeLa hamwe nindi mirongo ikura byihuse ni ikibazo cyasobanuwe neza ningaruka zikomeye.Shakisha imirongo ya selile muri banki zizwi, uhore ugenzura ibiranga imirongo ya selire, kandi ukoreshe tekinike nziza ya aseptic.Iyi myitozo izagufasha kwirinda kwanduzanya.Gucapa urutoki rwa ADN, karyotyping na isotyping birashobora kwemeza niba hariho kwanduzanya mumico yawe.

Nubwo bitamenyerewe nka mikorobe yanduye, kwanduzanya kwinshi kumirongo myinshi ya selile hamwe na HeLa hamwe nindi mirongo ikura byihuse ni ikibazo cyasobanuwe neza ningaruka zikomeye.Shakisha imirongo ya selile muri banki zizwi, uhore ugenzura ibiranga imirongo ya selire, kandi ukoreshe tekinike nziza ya aseptic.Iyi myitozo izagufasha kwirinda kwanduzanya.Gucapa urutoki rwa ADN, karyotyping na isotyping birashobora kwemeza niba hariho kwanduzanya mumico yawe.