Umutekano wa Laboratoire Umutekano

Usibye ingaruka rusange z'umutekano mu kazi kenshi ka buri munsi (nk'amashanyarazi n'umuriro), laboratoire z'umuco w'utugari nazo zifite ibyago byinshi byihariye n'ingaruka zijyanye no gufata no gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu cyangwa inyamaswa, hamwe n'uburozi, bubora cyangwa mutagenic umusemburo.Reagents.Ibyago bikunze kugaragara ni ugutobora inshinge za inshinge cyangwa izindi shitingi zanduye, kumeneka no kumeneka ku ruhu no mu mucyo, kwinjiza binyuze mu miyoboro yo mu kanwa, no guhumeka aerosole yanduye.

Intego yibanze ya gahunda iyo ari yo yose yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ni ukugabanya cyangwa gukuraho abakozi ba laboratoire hamwe n’ibidukikije byo hanze bishobora kwangiza ibinyabuzima.Ikintu cyingenzi cyumutekano muri laboratoire yumuco w'akagari ni ukubahiriza byimazeyo imikorere ya tekinoroji ya tekinike.

1. Urwego rwibinyabuzima
Amabwiriza n’ibyifuzo by’Amerika muri biosafeti bikubiye mu nyandiko ya “Biosafety muri Microbiology na Biomedical Laboratories” yateguwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC) n’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku buzima (NIH) ikanatangazwa na serivisi ishinzwe ubuzima muri Amerika.Iyi nyandiko isobanura urwego enye ruzamuka rwibintu, byitwa urwego rwa biosafety urwego 1 kugeza 4, kandi rusobanura imikorere ya mikorobi, ibikoresho byumutekano, hamwe ningamba zo kurinda ibikoresho kurwego rujyanye n’ingaruka zijyanye no kurwanya indwara ziterwa na virusi.

1.1 Urwego rwibinyabuzima Urwego 1 (BSL-1)
BSL-1 ni urwego rwibanze rwo kurinda rusanzwe muri laboratoire na laboratoire nyinshi, kandi rukwiranye na reagent izwiho kudatera indwara kubantu basanzwe kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza.

1.2 Urwego rwibinyabuzima 2 (BSL-2)
B.Laboratoire nyinshi z'umuco w'akagari zigomba kugera byibuze kuri BSL-2, ariko ibisabwa byihariye biterwa n'umurongo w'akagari wakoreshejwe n'ubwoko bw'imirimo ikorwa

1.3 Urwego rwibinyabuzima 3 (BSL-3)
BSL-3 ikwiranye na virusi kavukire cyangwa mumahanga ifite ubushobozi bwo kwanduza aerosol, hamwe na virusi zishobora gutera indwara zikomeye kandi zishobora guhitana abantu.

1.4 Urwego rwibinyabuzima 4 (BSL-4)
BSL-4 ibereye abantu bafite ibyago byinshi kandi bitavuwe na virusi itera indwara zangiza ubuzima binyuze muri aerosole yanduye.Izi mikorere zigarukira muri laboratoire zifunze cyane.

2. Urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS)
Urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS), ruzwi kandi nkurupapuro rwumutekano wibikoresho (MSDS), nuburyo bukubiyemo amakuru ajyanye nimiterere yibintu byihariye.SDS ikubiyemo amakuru yumubiri nko gushonga, aho gutekera, na flash point, amakuru ajyanye n'uburozi, reaction, ingaruka zubuzima, kubika no kujugunya ibintu, hamwe nibikoresho byokwirinda hamwe nuburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo.

3. Ibikoresho byumutekano
Ibikoresho byumutekano muri laboratoire yumuco utugari harimo inzitizi zikomeye, nk'akabati y’ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho bifunze, hamwe n’ubundi bugenzuzi bw’ubuhanga bugamije gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibikoresho byangiza, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (PPE) ubusanzwe bihujwe n’ibikoresho bikomeye byo kurinda.Akabati k’umutekano wibinyabuzima (ni ukuvuga umuco w’akagari) ni ibikoresho byingenzi, bishobora kugenzura indwara zanduza cyangwa aerosole zikorwa na mikorobe nyinshi kandi bikabuza umuco wawe w’utugari kwanduza.

4. Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE)
Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye (PPE) ni inzitizi itaziguye hagati yabantu ningaruka mbi.Harimo ibintu byo kurinda umuntu ku giti cye, nk'uturindantoki, amakoti ya laboratoire n'amakanzu, ibipfukisho by'inkweto, inkweto, ubuhumekero, ingabo zo mu maso, ibirahure by'umutekano cyangwa amadarubindi.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa bifatanije nububiko bwumutekano wibinyabuzima nibindi bikoresho birimo reagent cyangwa ibikoresho bitunganywa.